The Immediate and Long-Term Risks, Harms and Challenges Faced by Children Born of Conflict-Related Sexual Violence (CBoCRSV) in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs): A Rapid Evidence Assessment (REA)

Abstract

The objective of this Rapid Evidence Assessment (REA) is to evaluate the immediate and long-term risks, harms, and challenges faced by Children Born of Conflict-Related Sexual Violence (CBoCRSV) in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). Conducted under the UK’s Preventing Sexual Violence in Conflict Initiative (PSVI), the assessment focuses on the following research questions: What are the primary risks and challenges faced by CBoCRSV? What interventions are effective in promoting their well-being? How has the research landscape evolved in this field?

Key findings from the analysis of 289 documents indicate that CBoCRSV often experience social stigma and exclusion, which can severely impact their ability to integrate into their families and communities. They face a higher risk of somatic symptoms, depression, and identity-related issues, increasing the prevalence of long-term psycho-social challenges and trauma. Many lack legal documentation, hindering their access to essential services such as education and healthcare. Financial constraints and social stigma often create additional barriers to education, while economic deprivation limits their access to basic needs and development opportunities. Family dynamics frequently involve tension and a lack of stable support, while prevailing cultural and religious beliefs can further contribute to their marginalisation in post-conflict communities.

Effective interventions identified include psychological support programs, legal advocacy, community-based support, and educational and economic empowerment initiatives. However, their effectiveness remains largely unvalidated due to limited empirical research.

The review also highlights significant gaps in the literature, particularly in underrepresented regions. The report concludes with policy implications and recommendations, advocating for strengthened legal frameworks, enhanced social support systems, economic inclusion, and improved access to education and healthcare. These measures aim to create a protective environment that reduces the risks, harms, and challenges faced by CBoCRSV, promoting their integration, development, and well-being.